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“The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg” installing Pillow on Alpine Linux

I'm trying to run Python's Scrapy in a Docker container based on python:alpine. It was working before, but now I'd like to use Scrapy's Image Pipeline which requires me to install Pillow.

As a simplified example, I tried the following Dockerfile:

Dockerfile

FROM python:alpine
RUN apk --update add libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libffi-dev gcc musl-dev libgcc openssl-dev curl
RUN apk add libjpeg zlib tiff freetype lcms libwebp tcl openjpeg
RUN pip install Pillow


However, when I try to build this I get an error which contains the following:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/pip-build-ft5yzzuv/Pillow/setup.py", line 744, in <module>
zip_safe=not debug_build(), )
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py", line 61, in run
return orig.install.run(self)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/install.py", line 545, in run
self.run_command('build')
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 339, in run
self.build_extensions()
File "/tmp/pip-build-ft5yzzuv/Pillow/setup.py", line 545, in build_extensions
raise RequiredDependencyException(f)
__main__.RequiredDependencyException: jpeg

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-ft5yzzuv/Pillow/setup.py", line 756, in <module>
raise RequiredDependencyException(msg)
__main__.RequiredDependencyException:

The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

Please see the install instructions at:
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html


I went through the requirements on https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html and tried to find the corresponding packages for Alpine, although one I couldn't find was libimagequant, so this might be the 'culprit'. Nonetheless, it the traceback and error message seem to be saying that jpeg is missing, whereas I have installed openjpeg.

jpeg

openjpeg

How can I modify the Dockerfile so that pip install Pillow runs?

Dockerfile

pip install Pillow

5 Answers
5

In a comment that appears to have been deleted later, someone pointed me to https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/c05099f45c0d94a2a98c3609a96bdb6cf7446627/depends/alpine_Dockerfile. Based on that Dockerfile I modified my own as follows:

FROM python:alpine
RUN apk --update add libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libffi-dev gcc musl-dev libgcc openssl-dev curl
RUN apk add jpeg-dev zlib-dev freetype-dev lcms2-dev openjpeg-dev tiff-dev tk-dev tcl-dev
RUN pip install Pillow


Now it builds successfully.

apk add jpeg-dev

This worked for me

sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev
pip install Pillow


have you seen this QA? Fail during installation of Pillow (Python module) in Linux

they say you have to update your pip and install libjpeg-dev.

apk add jpeg-dev

Have you try to create a requirements.txt and insert this in Dockerfile:

RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install build-essential g++ flex bison gperf ruby perl
mysql-client
libsqlite3-dev libmysqlclient-dev libfontconfig1-dev libicu-dev libfreetype6 libssl-dev
libpng-dev libjpeg-dev python libx11-dev libxext-dev -y
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
RUN mkdir /code
WORKDIR /code
ADD requirements.txt /code/
COPY . /code
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
ADD . /code/


example of requirements.txt

Django==1.9.7
django-appconf==1.0.1
django-filer==1.2.5
django-filter==0.15.0
django-grappelli==2.8.1
django-image-cropping==1.0.3
django-mptt==0.8.6
django-nested-admin==3.0.10
django-nested-inline==0.3.6
django-polymorphic==0.8.1
django-taggit==0.21.2
django-tinymce==2.4.0
dnspython==1.15.0
easy-thumbnails==2.3
enum34==1.1.2
funcsigs==0.4
idna==2.1
ipaddress==1.0.17
mercurial==3.7.3
mock==1.3.0
mysql-python
ndg-httpsclient==0.4.2
parsedatetime==2.1
pbr==1.8.0
Pillow==3.3.1
psutil==3.4.2
pyasn1==0.1.9
PyICU==1.9.2
pyOpenSSL==16.1.0
pyRFC3339==1.0
python-augeas==0.5.0
python-monkey-business==1.0.0
python2-pythondialog==3.3.0
pytz==2014.10
requests==2.11.1
six==1.10.0
Unidecode==0.4.19
urllib3==1.16
zope.component==4.2.2
zope.event==4.2.0
zope.hookable==4.0.4
zope.interface==4.1.3


Just adding "RUN apk add jpeg-dev" to Dockerfile fixed the problem for me.

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