How does one notate label equations for future reference?

Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPPHow does one notate label equations for future reference?
Within a LaTeX paper, I would like to mark each equation with a specific label so that I can reference them again within the same paper, similar to how pictures or charts are labeled "Figure #". In most papers, I haven't seen equations with their own labels, only in steps of their manipulation. I haven't seen a singular convention across different papers, so I am wondering if there is a most common one.
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